Internal-combustion engine



Aug. 27, 1946.

J. L. RYDE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 12, 1945 S-Sheets-Sheet 1 Ljahn L1. Hyde Aug. 27, 1946. RYDE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE- Filed Oct. 12, 1945 3 Shegts-Sheet 2 MM ,3 I

Aug. 27, 1946. J RYDE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 FiledOct. 12, 1945 Jgijui WW L/bfzn L4 Ewe Patented Aug. 27, 1946 John' L; Ryde, Milwaukee,

gCulloch' Aviation, 'Inc.,

corporation of Wisconsin Wis., assignor to Mc- Los Angeles, CaliL, a

Applicationocto'ber 12, 1945, Serial N0."621,95'1

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and has particular reference to cylinders for two cycle engines.

The scavenging or expulsion of the combustion gases from the cylinder bores has long been a problem in the design of two cycle gasoline and Diesel engines.

In general the combustion gases are expelled or scavenged from'the cylinder bore through exhaust'ports opening to the side of the bore and uncovered by the piston in us down stroke. 'The expulsion of the combustion gases is eiiected by a fluid scavenging medium admitted or injected into the cylinder through an intake port or ports opcningto the side of the bore and uncovered i by the piston in its downstroke.

In the two cycle Diesel engine, the scavenging medium is generally air alone, usually supplied to the cylinder here, under pressure by means of a blower driven by the engine. In the two cycle gasoline engine, the scavenging medium is the air-fuel mixture which is caused to be forced into the cylinder bore by the' gdown stroke' of the piston. g

Inasmuch as the principles of the present invention are applicable to both gasoline and Diesel engines, the following description and the claims employ the term air as a scavenging medium, with the understanding that "air mean air'alone in the case of and air-fuel mixture in the case of the gasoline engine.

To facilitate scavenging, the pistons of two cycle engines have been commonly provided with a deflector on the top surface thereof arranged to pass adjacent 'to the inlet port or ports on the down stroke of the piston to cause the incoming air :to :be deflected upwardly toward thezclosed end of the cylinder bore and thereby force the burned gases downwardly and out through the exhaust port. 7

It is well .known, however, that this method of directing the incoming air .to effect scavenging produces admixture of the "air with quantities of burned gases and results in considerable Waste of the scavenging medium. Thisis-particularly objectionable .in the two cycle gasoline engine inasmuch as it causes waste of fueland detracts from the combustion characteristics of the resulting combustible mixture; while in the Diesel engine the effectiveness of the combustible charge is also lessened .and considerable scavenging an wasted.

The power developed therefore,

"by two cycle engines; depends to a large extent upon the is intended to the Diesel engine- 9 Claims. (Cl. 123-43) e 32 amount of burned gases remaining in the :cylinder 'bore and detracting from the efiectiveness-of the combustible charge left in the bore; awhile efficiencydepends to a large extent upon the amount of scavenging medium employed or wasted in scavenging.

While the conventional method of deflecting the incoming "air" upwardly into the cylinder bore by adefiector on the top of the piston provides a measure-of control over the exhaust gases, the results are far from satisfactory. Thus in an eflfort to improve the scavenging, attempts :have been made in the past to control the injection of the incoming air through the medium ofelongated intake passages drilled straight through the walls of the cylinder. While this wasa step in-the right direction thisand-other past attempts to better the scavenging entailed such cumbersome constructions that eng ines embodying these directional intake ports were impractical and commercially unsatisfactory.

It is, therefore, a general object of this inven tion to provide a two cycle engine of the character described with a cylinder having air inlet and exhaust gas ports of improved design and construction to thereby improve the power and e'fiiciency of the engine by effecting scavenging without any appreciable Waste of scavengin medium or admixture thereof with the combus tion a-ses and to achieve this desideratum with- T out entailing cumbersome able structural design.

Another object of this invention resides inthe provision o'fa cylinder for a two cycle engine having its inlet passages built into the walls of the cylinder with the mouths thereof opening to the cylinder bore at substantially diametrically. op- 'posite points at both sides of the exhaust port and'provided with means therein for directing the incoming air:slightly upwardly at predetermined angles and laterally away from the axis of the bOre so' that the streams of air entering from opposite sides :of the bore converge toward ,a point of confluence near the wall of the ;bore opposite the exhaustportand inlet ports adjacent to the closed end of the .bore. This arrangement and manner of injecting air into the cylinder bore has as its purpose to effect a substantially well defined columnar ascent of the air upwardly'along the wall of the bore opposite the exhaust ports to force burned or otherwise undesirgases out through the exhaust ports at the side of the cylinder bore opposite the rising column of air with little or no admixture of the "air" with the combustion gases being "scavenged.

at the side of the g I vide a practical complete examples cation ofthe principles longitudinal sectional. view during initial uncovering of the inlet ports by the top of the piston. This is especially true of engines running at slow speeds. 1 Hence, it is another objectorthis. invention to r provide a cylinder for two cycle enginesawith inerally.

: ent invention will be considered as applied to a a single cylinder. two cycle gasoline engine although let ports of the character described by which airinjection into the cylinder bore at substantially predetermined angles to a radial plane of the the position of "the 1 bore is assured regardless of top of the piston with respect to the inlet ports. ie t ,or this in cn mn i t me: a d xpe ent manner 9 c ins 1 pactly constructing and building the intakeports into the cylinder wall without detracting;from the desirable directional I V 1 but, which permits the inlet passages to be formed 1 by; the simple expedient ;of,c oring longitudinal Still another .0

aspect ot the porting,

chambers in opposite sides of the cylinder wall a thev time of casting with t ch mbe s p in to the bottom of the cylinder casting-per se. 7

I H 7 With the above and other objects in view which will appear as the I description proceedathisjnvention resides in the, ncrel construction,- comj bination and arrangement of parts substantially as here ina fter described, and more particularly defined by the appended claimsit being understqod; that such changes ment;io f the hereindisclosed inventionmay be l in the precise embodima e ps-come withinthe scope-0f; the claims.- ;i T e. accompanyin drawi s i u at se al best' modesso fardevised for the practical applithereof, andinwhich:

for a two cycle enginewith portions thereof in elevation showing the cylinder constructed in accordance v H v with thelprinciples of is'i vention rFigurezis a; cross sectional viewtaken through Figure l on thelplane of tl 1eline 2-2;'- i

fragmentary longitudinal secslightly modified cylinder proproperv angular Figure 3 is a v t cnal n w of a yided with means for assuring the 7 injection f scavenging medium into the cylinder b $7- v w Figure 4, is-essentiallya diagrammatic secs tional View similar to Figure 3 illustrating the 7 effect, of the piston on the direction of air in -jection into th cylinder bore at the time of initial uncoveringof the inlet ports 'by' the top of the piston; g V

Figure 5 i s-a diagrammatic view similar to Figure 4 -illu strati rig how theangle of fair injection is preserved by this invention regardless of the'position of the piston top with respect to the inlet ports; r'

Figurefi is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional View illustrating another modification of, this invention wherein deflection of the"? 'r entering the cylinder bore at the .proper angles is accomplished byinserts in the inlet passages of the a. 4. cf thephysical embodiment of l t the inve'ntion onstructed in accordance with-the thei'nvention is applicable to multi-cylinder and 7 Diesel ngines as well.

'The engine comprises a crankcase 6, indicated construction lines in Figure 1, having the cylinder of this invention mounted at its top in the usual manner. I a

. The cylinderfl' oi thisinvention is preferably a die casting and is providedwith a bore 3 opening to the bottom of the cylinder so as to communicate with theinterior of thecrankcase. The ipper end of the bore 8 is closedexcept fortheusual spark plug opening 9, and in the present instance the bore is definedby a substantially tubular liner l0 cast into the cylinder and within which the piston III (indicated in, construction lines in Fig: ure 1) is recipr'ocably received; v The side wall l2 of the cylinder'is cored as at I3 at diametrically oppositesidesoi thebore to form longitudinal air inlet passages leading from the bottom face I4 of the cylinder upwardly toward the medialportion of the cylinder bore from whence the p'assa'g'es branch inwardly toward each other as at I5 ;and open into the bore through the. liner 10 to. provide opposite inlet ports l6 by which the" i i'r'gi admitted 15 the bore from the interior of V thcrankca e i! the usual mahner h on, the'fdowngst r oke of: the piston. Fer this reason the: lower ends ef the passageways I 3 communicate with crankcase passageways indie cated at l! leading to the interior ofthe crankcase. I

In-the case ways" l3 would connect with'the outlet of a blower (as' of the Roots type) to enable-plain air to be supplied to the b'o're under pressure for scavengng anda mixtu e with mu injectedfseparately intotheboref V V f V The burned gases are exhausted from'thebore' through a series of circumierentiallyarranged radially disposdlexhaustports Reopening-to the bore through the liner l0 atone, side of the bore between the inlet ports IS; "The bottomedges of these ports l8 aresubstantially in line with the bottomv edges of the inlet ports I 6 but the top edges of theexhaust-.portsvextend upwardly to a higher elevation than those of theinlet ports so as to relieve combustion gas pressure durin the down stroke of the-piston just prior to uncovering of the inlet ports by the top of-the piston. V

As previouslystated it is one r the objects or this invention to-improve the scavenging of exhaust' gases from the cylinder bore b-ycontrol of air injection into the bore. In the present instance this isaccomplished,'without'resorting to the use of deflector means on the piston itself,

a travel at predetermined slightly upward angles ill i ji 'i whee has I filief 'ess Price for the Dieselengine, the pa ssagetions of the air. passageways I llarged beads 31 .sageways themselves. item 30 of Figure 9 are shown cast integrally with the cylinder with the bead 31 on an insert 32 such as 'illustratedin'Figure 10, but it will be 1 arranged have their outer ends curved downwardly to pro ject into'the upper end of the longitudinal porl3 and hence cannot alone serve to smoothly transfer the flowing upwardly through the passages [3 into the branches I5. v r

In this event, it' is preferable to employ eneither oninserts 32 for the air ipassageways or The vanes and splitobviou 'that the insert 32 may have the vanes and splitters formed integrally thereon as in the yFi'gure 8 embodiment. V V

, 'The bead 3!, when properly designed,- ha the effect of elongating the branches 15 even though the same may .be held to a minimum length for fcompactness of the cylinder as previously point- 1ed out. The function of the splitters in this ;instance, therefore, isto divide the inlet ports into a plurality of separate ,cent discharge nozzles'to preservegthe'predeter- Qmined upward angle of air injection into the cylinder bore. 1 ter and the top and 1 I5 is preferably relatively small as compared to the length of the splitters to achieve this puripose. V V Attention is directed, to the fact that when longitudinally adja- The spacing between the splitbottom walls of the branches the splitters havertheir outer extremities extendpassageways as shown 8, the circumferential head 28 ways By way of illustration; the inserti'lgof Fig- 1 ure 8 has been shown without the annular bead and with the curved outer ends of the splitters to effect the desired smooth transfer .of air from thepassagewaysl 3 into their branches l5. 1 Hence, a straight walled insert (without the 1 circumferential bead) would, therefore, suffice I inth'e"air passage 13 in the event the vanes on the inner walls of the 'pas-' ed and curved downwardly into the longitudinal portions-l3 of the air in Figures ,3 and on the inner wall of the air passageway is unnecessary, provided the splitters effect a substan- 1 tially equal division of the space in said passage 20 and splitters 22 of the Figure 3 embodiment were cast integrally with the cylinder.

7 From the foregoing description taken in con- 1 the scavenging of combustion gases from the cylinders of two cycle internal combustion engines by reason of the angular control over the r 1 stream of air entering the bore, and conse- I quently results in greater efiiciency and less waste of the scavenging medium.

To avoid misunderstanding, it is again desired topoint out that the term"air is intended to cover air injection as practiced in Diesel engines and air-fuel admission as employed in gasoline engines, and that air is meant to be synonomous with scavenging medium. preceding description and in the following claims, therefore, the term air is intended to be interpreted as the scavenging medium; air alone for Diesel engines and air-fuel mixture for gasoline. engines.

What I claim as my invention is: t

1. In a two cycle internal combustion engine: a cast cylinder providedfwith a bore opening through the bottom of the cylinder to slidably receive a piston therein, aid cylinder having Both in the 3 nection with the accompanying drawings, it will i be readily apparent that this invention improves 'core'd passagewaystherein leading to fair -in let ports in the wall of thebore at apposite sides thereof medially of the ends of the bore and through which air may be supplied to the bore whenever'the piston moves past and uncovers the ports in its travel toward the open end of the bore, said passageways, at least adjacent to the'inlet ports, being disposed at a slight angle toa radial plane of the bore to cause" airentering the bore to discharge in streams pointing slightly toward the closed end of the bore; and inserts confined in said passageways to lie-along the sides thereof and each having a plurality of vane disposed in the passageway adjacent to the ports for causing the streams of air to di'"- charge into the bore laterally away from the V bore'axis' to converge toward a common point of be supplied to the bore whenever -the'- piston moves past and uncovers the ports in its travel toward the open end of the bore; the inner portions of each. passageway adjacent to the bore being disposed at an angle of approximately 20 to a radial plane of the bore to cause air entering the bore to discharge in streams pointing slightly toward the closed end of the bore and converging toward a point midway between the ports; individual inserts, one confined in each of said passageways and each having a plurality of vanes .disposedin the passageways adjacent to the discharge-ports for causing .the streams of air entering the bore at said predetermined inclination toward the closed end of the bore'to be directedilaterally away from -the bore axis to converge towarda common point of confluence V with said point of confluence lying midwaybetween the ports near one side wall of the bore 7 and at said side of the ports remote from "the open end of the bore; and splitter vanes carried by said inserts and extending crosswise of the ports to divide [the same into a plurality of longitudinally adjacent discharge nozzles adapted to be successively uncovered by the piston as it travels past the ports toward the open end of the bore, said splitter vanes serving .to maintain the predetermined angular inclination of the air entering the bore despite partial closure of the ports by the piston. a

3. In a two cycle internal combustion engineLa, cast cylinder having a bore opening to one end thereof and having substantially diametrically opposite longitudinal air inlet passages formed in its side wall communicated with the cylinder bore'through branch passages angling abruptly from the longitudinal passages inwardly toward thebore with the mouths of said branches opening to the bore substantially medially of its ends and at substantially diametrically opposite sides thereof, said branches extending toward each other at relatively small identical angles to a radial plane of the bore so as to direct air into the bore at slight inclinations toward the closed end of the bore; means in said branchpassages for'deflecting air flowing therethrough into the bore 'at said slight inclination laterally to one side of the" bore axis toward: a point? of convergence 4.. In. atwo cycle internal combustion engine; a a

cast cylinder provided with. a bore, opening to. the, bottom. of the cylinder. but closed. at the-top thereof, said bore! being adapted, to. slidably re.- ceive a piston; meansl defining diametrically opposite substantially parallel air passagesin the wall; or. the cylinder with said passages extending longitudinally of the bore axis and close to the bore so as to enable the dimensions of the cylinder at its bottom portion to be held to a minimum, said air passages opening to the bottom of the cylinder and having their portions remote from the bottom of the cylinder branching angularly inwardly toward each other and opening to the cylinder bore substantially medially of its ends at substantially diametrically opposite sides of the bore, said inwardly directed branch passages being disposed at an angle of approximately 20 air flowing therethrough slightly upwardly into the bore toward the closed end thereof and toward a point of convergence located midway be tween the mouths of the branch insert confined in each of said air passages, said inserts being separate from the cylinder casting and each having a substantially circumferential bead projecting into its longitudinal air passage for deflecting air flowing through the longitudinal passages outwardly into the outermost portions of the branch passages to thereby assure directional control of the air by said upwardly inclining branch passages; longitudinal vanes in said branch passages for effecting lateral deflection of air flowing therethrough to one side of the bore aXis and convergence of the streams of air entering the bore at said slight upward inclination toward a point of confluence midway between the mouths of the branch passages but located to one side of the bore axis and near the cylinder wall defining the bore whereby said streams of air join and I ascend along said side of the bore in columnar fashion toward the closed end of the bore; and means providing an exhaust port opening to the bore opposite from said point of confluence of the streams of air flowing into the bore.

5. In a two cycle internal combustion engine: a cast cylinder provided with a bore opening to one end of the cylinder to slidably receive a piston, said cylinder having diametrically opposite cored passages in its side wall extending longitudinally of the cylinder and communicated with the cylinder bore through branch passages angling abruptly therefrom with the mouths of said branch passages opening to the cylinder bore substantially medially of its ends from opposite sides of the bore whereby air is supplied to the bore whenever the piston moves past the mouths of the branch passages toward the open end of the bore; an individual insert in each of said cored passages, each insert having a circumferential to a radial plane of the bore so as to direct passages; an V 1o bead positioned along: the, inner wall of its: Ion g-itudi'n'al" passage and projecting thereinto adjacent to the outer extremity or the branch passage thereof for deflecting air?" approaching the the outermost, so as to insure branch. passages outwardly into portions of the vbranch passages smooth transfer of fair passages. to the branch from the longitudinal" passages andto thereby assuregan ular directional control of the air by said branch passages; and deflector vanes! cast integrally with the cylinderand disposed, in saidbranch passages for. directing. the streams of air entering the bore laterally away from the bore axis toward" a] point of confluence located midway between the ports and" close to one side wall ofvtheborer- 6. In a two cycle internal combustion. engine: a cast cylinder provided-with a bore opening, tov one end of the cylinder to slidably receive a. pis-' ton, said cylinder having, diametrically opposite.

cored", passages, in. its' side wall extending longitudinall'y of' the cylinder and communicated with the cylinder bore through branch passages angling abruptly inwardly therefrom at relatively slight predetermined angles to a radial plane of the bore and toward the closed end of the bore, the mouths of said branch passages opening to the bore substantially medially of its ends from opposite sides of the bore; deflector vanes cast integrally with the cylinder and disposed in said branchpassages for dividingthe air entering the bore at said predetermined inclination into streams directed laterally away from the bore axis toward a point of confluence located midway between the ports and close to one side wall of the bore; and an individual insert in each of said cored passages, each of said inserts having a circumferential bead positioned along the inner wall of its longitudinal passage and projecting thereinto adjacent to the outer extremity of the branch passage leading therefrom for deflecting airf approaching the branch passages outwardly into the outermost portions thereof so as to insure smooth transfer of air dinal passages to the branch passages and to thereby assure proper directional control of the air by said inclined branch passages.

7. In a two cycle internal combustion engine: a cast cylinder having a bore opening to one end to slidably receive a piston and havin substantially diametrically opposite longitudinal air inlet passages cored in its side wall and communicated with the cylinder bore through branch passages angling abruptly from said longitudinal passages with the mouths of said branch passages opening to the bore substantially medially of its ends and from opposite sides of the bore; and an individual insert in each of said air passages, each of said inserts having deflector means thereon to act on air flowing through the passages to aid in controlling the direction at which the air enters the bore.

8. In a two cycle internal combustion engine: acast'cylinder having a bore opening to one end to slidably receive a piston and having substantially diametrically opposite longitudinal air inlet passages cored in its side wall and communicated with the cylinder bore through branch passages angling abruptly from said longitudinal passages with the mouths of said branch passages-opening to the bore substantially medially of its ends and from opposite sides of the bore; and individual inserts in said cored passages each having substantially longitudinal vanes thereon projecting into the branch passages and posifrom the longitupassages to divide longitudinally adjacent substantially shallow g(axia1ly) discharge ing at an angle of approximately 20" with respect to a'fradial plane ofithe borewith their inner 1 ends inclined and'their outer ends curved downwardly from the branch passages and 1 11- tioned at angles such as to deflect fair flowing through the branch passages jco'mmonpoint' of convergence located atone side of thecylinder axis, and spaced substantially cirv-i jcumferentially extending splitter vanes, carried by said inserts and extendingiacross the branch the same into" a plurality of ports, said splitter vanesly toward the .fclosed end of the'bore I extending into the upper portionsof the longitudinalpassa'ges so as to facilitate transfer of airf"from the longitudinal passages to the abruptly angling branch'passages.

j QgA cyIinder construction'for port-scavenged internal combustion engines comprising: a cast cylinder provided with air? inlet passageway the bore, said inlet passageway comprising two a bore'and having acored in its side, wall leading to laterallytowardjal asqeeqe branches disposedata substantiallyabrupt-angle to each other withone of saidlbranches extending I substantially longitudinally of the boreand the other substantially transverse thereto and opening to the bore; thesubstantially abrupt turn at the'juncture of said branches subjecting the flow of .air to the bore through said passageway to a substantially abrupt change in direction, said JOHN L. RYDE. 7 7

transverse branch being relatively short so that the pathof .air 

